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Cognitive Research Trust™
CoRT™ is a package of 60 lessons for the teaching of Conctructive thinking in schools from approximate age of 8 upwards.
CoRT™, named after the Cognitive Research Trust™ established by Dr. De Bono in Cambridge, England, is now the most widely used course in the work for the direct teaching of thinking. Over 7 million students in over 30 countries including the U.K., the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, Singapore, Venezuela and Ireland are using it.
It is generally accepted that one of the most important tasks that formal education can hope to accomplish, is to produce individuals who can think for themselves and who can become what they think they can become people who:
- can judge for themselves
- have developed a much greater understanding and appreciation of their own potential and that of their fellow human beings
- can effectively participate in social, economical and political processes
- are proactive and constructive
- have become free in far more than the political sense of the world
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The CoRT™ Thinking Programme represents the most comprehensive approach to the teaching of thinking. It includes generative and creative thinking, operational and constructive thinking.
It is used by children and adults across a broad span of age and ability levels. When used in any kind of classroom, it effects positive change in the learning environment. The thinking skills it teaches provides pupils not only with tools to improve their academic records, but also gives them real life skills.
Success in using the CoRT™ tools does not depend on prior knowledge, a great memory, or reading or writing skills. Students of varying abilities benefit from CoRT, including special education students, gifted
Why CoRT™ for Schools?
There are 4 key reasons for the direct and explicit teaching of constructive thinking in schools.
i. The real world needs much better thinking than it is currently getting. Constructive thinking is essential for progress. Economic and social development depends on better 'design' thinking. Most of the major problems in the world today will not be solved by analysis. There is a need to design the way forward. Many of the arguments and conflicts arise precisely from our traditional adversarial thinking habits.
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ii. Constructive thinking is necessary for personal life and the enjoyment of our values. The traditional ready-made solutions often no longer apply. In minds made passive by television and popular music there is very little practice of thinking. The result is behaviour that is driven by peer pressure (as in drugs) or despair (as in suicide). Why does Australia have the highest suicide rate in the world under the age of 24 years when the quality of life is probably the best in the world? Youngsters need to be taught to think for themselves.
iii. Without teaching constructive thinking skills we waste a huge amount of talent. At the age of six or seven there is one gateway, which determines whether a youngster is going to be an 'idiot' in school, or not. This is the reading/writing gateway. For various reasons including dyslexia, ADD and other physiological factors some youngsters are slow at this gate and may be forever lost. If 'thinking' is offered as a parallel gateway then many of these youngsters turn out to be excellent thinkers with huge effects on their self-esteem and the way others treat them. This is a very important point. Those who seemed to have failed in school but did well later in life would have done well at the thinking gateway. It is simple enough to do with the basic CoRT™ programme.
iv. The development of thinking skills helps even in schoolwork. Although the prime purpose of teaching thinking skills is for the use in real life, such skills also help in school. For example research shows that having a thinking framework for discussion helps discussion. Having attention directing tools (as in CoRT™) makes it easier to explore subjects.
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CoRT™ 1
Breath - broadens perception by demonstrating a number of different directions thinking can follow. |
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Type of Lesson
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Comments |
01 |
PMI |
Plus, Minus, Interesting
Designed to ensure that decision or commitment takes place after both sides of the matter have been considered and not before. The I of PMI can be used as a tool in subsequent lessons.
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02 |
CAF |
Consider all options
This operation is essentially related to action, decision, planning, judgment and coming to a conclusion. |
03 |
RULES |
Provides an opportunity for practicing the two previous lessons: PMI and CAF
An existing or proposed rule is an opportunity for practicing PMI. The factors involved in making a rule provide practice in CAF.
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04 |
C & S |
Consequence and Sequel
Crystallisation of the process of looking ahead to see the consequences of some action plan decision rule invention etc, Attention is focused directly on the future. Immediate, short medium and long-term consequences are examined by different groups.
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05 |
AGO |
Aims Goals Objectives
This lesson provides a focus on the intentions behind actions on the idea of purpose. In some situations, it is more appropriate to use aims rather than goals of objectives. The key here is to focus on purpose rather than reaction.
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06 |
PLANNING |
The idea is to use planning as a thinking situation which brings together
Objectives (AGO), consequences (C&S), the factors involved (CAF) and the treatment of ideas (PMI).
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07 |
FIP |
First Important Priorities
FIP is a judgement situation which requires no absolute answers. It is person, and/or situation specific. It is a crystallisation of the process of picking out the most important ideas, factors, objectives, concequences, etc. per the requirements of the specific situation.
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08 |
APC |
Alternatives, Possibilities, Choices
APC is an attempt to focus on exploring all the alternatives, choices, of possibilities - beyond the obvious ones.
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09 |
DECISIONS |
This lesson provides an opportunity to bring together the last two lessons in particular, FIP and APC: and also the other lessons in a more general way
In making decisions your have to:
- Consider all the factors
- Be clear about aims/objectives
- Assess prioriries
- Look at consequences
- Discover alternative courses of action
- You ccan also do a PMI on the decision once mad
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10 |
OPV |
Other People's View
This considers the process of looking at other peoples viewpoints so that the process can be used consciously and deliberately to escape from one's own point of view.
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Full details of how to run each type of lesson are given in the Teacher's Notes. Comments are given on using the CoRT™ Thinking Lessons with groups of different ages and abilities e.g Primary, Secondary and Remedial Groups. Suggestions are also given on generation and using test materials |
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CoRT™ 2
Organisation
Organisation helps students to organise their thinking. The first five operations are basic ones concerned with moving forward from an initial idea. The second five operations concern the general organisation of thinking.
CoRT™ 3
Interaction
Interactions is concerned with argument, interaction and critical thinking: the way we use to be right and the ways we can be wrong.
CoRT™ 4
Creativity
Creativity is treated as a normal part of thinking processes that can be learned, practised and applied in a deliberate manner. The purpose of creativity is to arrive at an effective new idea. CoRT 4 encourages the "design" type of creativity. This may be concerned with changing concepts and changing - in other words, lateral thinking.
CoRT™ 5
Information and feeling
Informations and feeling concerned with eliciting information and assessing it. Values and emotions determine the outcome of our thinking. The purpose of thinking is to arrange the world in our minds so that we can apply values and emotion effectively.
CoRT™ 6
Action
Thinking in action. Active Thinking. This section is concerned with the total process of thinking: beginning with the purpose, and ending with the specific action steps for implementing the outcome of thinking. This section consolidates the thinking processes that have been explored and practised in CoRT™ 1 through 5. |
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